ประมวลรายวิชา Course Syllabus

รังสีฟิสิกส์

Radiation Physics

แพทย์ประจำบ้านปีที่ 1

First year radiology resident

 

1.  รหัสรายวิชา                                                    3011854

     Subject code                                                    3011854

2.  จำนวนหน่วยกิต                                          2 (2-0-6)

     Course Credit                                  2 (2-0-6)

3.  ชื่อวิชา                                                              รังสีฟิสิกส์

     Course title                                                      Radiation Physics

4.  คณะ/ภาควิชา                                                 แพทยศาสตร์/รังสีวิทยา

     Faculty/Department                                          Medicine/Radiology

5.  ภาคการศึกษา                                                 ภาคปลาย

     Semester                                                          Second Semester

6.  ปีการศึกษา                                                      2544

     Academic year                                        2001

7.  ชื่อผู้สอน                                                         -  รองศาสตราจารย์จงจินต์  ภัทรมนตรี

     Academic staff                                            Associate Professor Jongjin  Pataramontree, M.Sc.

                                                                                -  รองศาสตราจารย์ศิวลี  สุริยาปี

                                                                                   Associate Professor Sivalee  Suriyapee, M.Eng.

                                                                                -  ผู้ช่วยศาสตราจารย์ ดร. อัญชลี  กฤษณจินดา

                                                                                   Assistant Professor Anchali  Krisanachinda, Ph.D.

8.  เงื่อนไขรายวิชา                                         วิชาที่ต้องเรียนมาก่อน  (แพทยศาสตร์บัณฑิต)

     Condition                                                         Medical doctor degree

9.  สถานภาพของวิชา                                 วิชาบังคับ

     Status                                                                Compulsory

10. ชื่อหลักสูตร                                       ประกาศนียบัตรบัณฑิตทางวิทยาศาสตร์การแพทย์คลินิก  

สาขาวิชารังสีวิทยา

      Curriculum                                                     Graduate Diploma of Clinical Science Program in Radiology

 

11.  วิชาระดับ                                                      ประกาศนียบัตรบัณฑิต (ป.บัณฑิต)

      Degree

12.    จำนวนชั่วโมงที่สอน/สัปดาห์                บรรยาย 2 ชั่วโมง/สัปดาห์

Teaching hours/week           2 hr / week

13.    เนื้อหารายวิชา                        

       Course Description

Basic principles of nuclear physics, interaction of radiation and particles with matter, basic principle of equipments and their applications in diagnostic imaging, nuclear medicine and radiotherapy, calibration and monitoring of the equipments including quality control, calculation of the dose distribution in the patient, computer applications in radiology, radiation safety procedures.

14.   ประมวลการเรียนรายวิชา (Course Outline)

14.1   วัตถุประสงค์ทั่วไปและ/หรือวัตถุประสงค์เชิงพฤติกรรม

At the end of the course, the student should be able to :

1.       Describe the atomic and nuclear structure, radioactive decay, interaction of particulate radiations, production of x-rays, high energy treatment machine, interaction of          x-gamma rays with matter.

2.       Describe the basic physics of x-rays and equipments.

3.       Describe the principle of radiography, fluoroscopy, tomography, computed tomography, ultrasound and MRI.

4.       Describe the method of film processing.

5.       Describe the function of each component of a basic scintillation counter.

6.       Describe the function of collimators and their application.

7.       Describe the principles of the following radiation detectors, well-type scintillation

counter, rectilinear scanner the scintillation camera, SPECT and PET.

8.       Describe the type of radiation and the method of application of radiation in radiotherapy.

9.       State the basic clinical dosimetry and treatment planning of teletherapy and brachytherapy.

10.    Outline the advance techniques in radiotherapy

11.    Describe the methods of quality assurance program for the equipment used in radiology department.

12.    Describe the basic principle of radiation protection.

 

14.2  เนื้อหารายวิชาโดยละเอียด

 

Learning contents :

                1.    Basic nuclear physics.

1.1   The atom and atomic structures.

1.2   The nucleus.

1.3   Molecular structure and bands.

1.4   Nuclear disintegration.

1.5   Radioactivity.

1.6   Production of radionuclides.

2.    Radiation qualities, quantities and SI units.

1.1   Energy imparted, energy transferred and net energy transferred.

1.2   Activity.

1.3   Kerma.

1.4   Exposure dose.

1.5   Absorbed dose.

1.6   Dose equivatent and quality factor.

2.       Interaction of photon with matter.

2.1   Coefficients for attenuation, energy transfer and energy absorption.

2.2   Photoelectric effect.

2.3   Compton effect.

2.4   Pair production.

3.       Interaction of electrons and heavy particles with matter.

3.1   Types of coulomb-force interaction.

3.2   Stopping power.

3.3   Range.

4.       Production and detection of x-rays.

4.1   Properties of x-rays.

4.2   The quantity and quality of x-rays.

4.3   Basic principle of x-ray detection.

5.       Radiation dosimetry.

5.1   Ionization chambers.

5.2   Calorimetric dosimetry.

5.3   Chemical dosimetry.

5.4   Photographic dosimetry.

5.5   Thermoluminescent dosimetry.

5.6   Semiconductor dosimetry.

5.7   Scintillation dosimetry.

6.       Basic knowledge in computer.

6.1   Computer definition.

6.2   Type of computer.

6.3   Computer system.

6.4   Computer utilization in radiology.

7.       X-ray film and processing.

7.1   Uses and construction.

7.2   Processing.

7.3   Photographic properties.

7.4   Characteristic curve.

8.       Intensifying and fluorescent screen.

8.1   Uses and construction.

8.2   Principles of operation.

9.       X-ray circuit and the rectification of generator.

9.1    Autotransformer, three phase transformer.

9.2    High  voltage transformer.

9.3    Vacuum tube and solid state rectifiers.

9.4    Half-wave, full-wave rectified circuit.

9.5    Six-pulse, six-rectified circuit.

9.6    Twelve-pulse, twelve-rectified circuit.

9.7    Contractor switching, electronic switching.

10.    X-ray tube and shielding, rating of the x-ray tube.

10.1   Properties of tungsten target.

10.2   Rotating anode, stationary anode tube.

10.3   Tube shielding and electrical shockproof cables.

10.4   Rating of x-ray tube.

11.    Fluoroscopy and radiography.

11.1   System design.

11.2   Image intensifiers.

11.3   Image quality measures.

11.4   Automatic brightness control.

11.5   Additional accessories.

11.5.1     Optical viewer and image distributor.

11.5.2     Video tape recorder, cine camera, photospot camera.

12.    Special x-ray equipments and procedures.

12.1   Digital radiography.

12.2   Stereoradiography.

12.3   Magnification radiography.

12.4   Soft-tissue radiography.

12.5   Mammography and xeroradiography.

12.6   Digital subtraction.

12.7   3-dimensional imaging.

13.    Computed tomography.

13.1   Principle of operation of CT.

13.2   Image reconstruction, display, analysis.

13.3   Quantitative CT.

13.4   Dual energy CT.

13.5   Ultrafast CT.

13.6   Spiral CT.

13.7   Quality assurance in CT.

14.    Ultrasound.

14.1   Basic principles.

14.2   Transducers.

14.3   Modes.

14.4   Real time.

14.5   Doppler.

14.6   Duplex system.

14.7   Image quality measurements.

14.8   Scan converter.

 

 

15.    Magnetic resonance imaging.

1.1    Physical basis for NMR : properties of atomic nuclei, nuclei in a magnetic field,     

            lamour frequency, magnetization resonance.

1.2    Theoretical basis for NMR imaging : relaxation process, advantages considerations.

2.       Radiation detectors and measurement..

2.1    Gas-field detectors.

2.2    Scintillation crystal and fluid.

2.3    Semiconductor detectors.

2.4    Other detectors.

2.5    Radiation detection systems.

18.    Counting statistics.

18.1   Error.

18.2   Precision and accuracy.

18.3   Frequency distributions.

18.4   Standard deviation and confidence limits.

18.5   Precision of measurement data.

19.    Nuclear medicine instrumentation.

19.1   Isotope calibrators.

19.2   Common components.

19.3   Well counters.

19.4   Probe systems.

19.5   Pulse height analysis.

19.6   Scintillation camera

19.7   Rectilinear scanners.

19.8   Tomographic imaging e.g. SPECT, PET etc.

20.    Radiopharmaceuticals.

20.1   Biologically important radionuclides.

20.2   Physico-chemical properties and biodistribution patterns.

20.3   Purities.

20.4   Assays for radioactivity.

20.5   Mechanisms for localization and release.

20.6   Uptake and elimination.

20.7   Monoclonal antibodies.

21.    Radiopharmaceuticals dosimetry.

21.1   Sources of internal radionuclides.

21.2   Standard man model.

21.3   Critical organ.

21.4   Body burden.

21.5   MIRD method.

21.6   Factors affecting internal dose.

21.7   Bioassays.

22.  Radiation Machines.

22.1   Kilovoltage units.

22.2   Co-60.

22.3   Linac design and operation.

22.4   Betatrons/microtrons (general information).

22.5   Particle beams (general information).

23.    Photon Beams: Basic Clinical Dosimetry.

23.1   Depth dose distributions.

23.2   Definitions; relationships and factors affecting PDD, TAR, SAR, TMR, TPR, SMR, BSF.

23.3   Collimator and phantom scatter corrections.

23.4   Dose calibration.

24.    Photon Beams: Dose Modeling/Treatment Planning.

24.1   Acquisition of isodose data.

24.2   Parameters influencing isodose curves.

24.3   Combination of fields.

24.4   Wedge and angle effects.

24.5   Corrections for SSD and inhomogeneities.

24.6   Dose specification and normalization.

25.    Electron Beams: Basic Clinical Dosimetry.

25.1   Basic characteristics.

25.1.1     Electron interactions.

25.2   Beam characteristics.

25.2.1     Energy determination.

25.2.2     Depth-dose (surface dose, x-ray contamination, isodose/Dmax shift, etc.).

25.2.3     Profiles/isodose curves.

25.2.4     Output factors/virtual source position.

26.    Electron Beams : Treatment Planning.

26.1   Energy selection/photon-electron mixing.

26.2   Use of bolus.

26.3   Field shaping.

26.4   Field abuttment.

26.5   Conventional techniques.

27.    Brachytherapy.

27.1   Source characteristics and strength specifications.

27.2   Implant dosimetry systems.

27.3   Implantation/application techniques.

27.4   Dose computations/dose specifications.

27.5   Dose rate considerations.

27.6   Clinical examples: 137Cs, 192Ir, 125I, 198Au.